Green Bay Ice Fishing: Your Ultimate Guide to Wisconsin’s Frozen Frontier

Introduction: The Call of the Frozen Bay

When winter lays its icy hand upon Wisconsin, a transformation occurs on the vast waters of Green Bay. What was once a rolling expanse of blue becomes a frozen kingdom, a seemingly endless plain of white stretching towards the horizon. The air bites, sharp and clean, carrying whispers on the wind – tales of legendary catches pulled from the depths below. This is the realm of Green Bay ice fishing, an experience that transcends mere angling; it’s a tradition, a challenge, and an immersion into a unique and captivating environment. Underneath the silent, frozen surface, a hidden world teems with life, a silent ballet performed by some of the most sought-after game fish in the Midwest.

Green Bay has rightfully earned its legendary status among winter anglers. It’s not just another frozen lake; it’s a world-class destination, a sprawling sub-basin of Lake Michigan offering unparalleled opportunities, particularly for trophy Walleye and massive schools of Whitefish. The sheer scale of the bay sets it apart, presenting both immense potential and unique challenges compared to smaller inland waters. The allure of Green Bay ice fishing lies in this vastness, in the possibility of encountering fish of impressive size and number, and in the raw beauty of the frozen landscape.

This guide is your compass to navigating this incredible winter fishery. Within these pages, you’ll find a comprehensive exploration of Green Bay ice fishing. We’ll delve into the habits and habitats of the primary target species, uncover the most effective techniques and essential Fishing gear – including specific Walleye fishing lures and proven Perch fishing tactics. We’ll map out prime locations and discuss access points, address the critical safety protocols unique to the bay’s often-treacherous ice, and introduce reputable guides who can enhance your experience. Furthermore, we’ll clarify current regulations, examine recent fishery statistics from 2020-2024, and answer the most frequently asked questions. Consider this your roadmap to a safe, successful, and unforgettable Green Bay ice fishing adventure.

Green Bay’s Winter Realm: Understanding the Fishery

To truly appreciate Green Bay ice fishing, one must first understand the unique character of the bay itself. It’s far more than just a large puddle; it’s a dynamic ecosystem, a massive, relatively shallow arm of the great Lake Michigan. This connection to the larger lake, combined with significant freshwater inflow from major tributaries like the Fox, Peshtigo, Oconto, and Menominee Rivers , shapes its distinct personality. The bay boasts an incredible variety of underwater landscapes – sprawling shallow flats, especially on the western shore, contrast with the steeper, rockier structures and reefs found predominantly along the Door County peninsula on the east. These diverse habitats are the key to the bay’s rich fishery, dictating where different species congregate throughout the long winter months.

The bay’s ecosystem is constantly in flux. Water clarity can range from stained, particularly near river mouths or on the shallower west side, to remarkably clear, especially further out or along the eastern shore. This influences lure selection and presentation strategies. The forage base is equally diverse, with baitfish like gizzard shad, round gobies, and emerald shiners forming a crucial part of the food web, alongside abundant aquatic insects and invertebrates found in the mud flats. The presence of invasive species, notably the round goby, has significantly altered feeding patterns for many predators, becoming a readily available, high-protein meal. Understanding these dynamics – where the bait is and what kind – is fundamental to successful Green Bay ice fishing.

While many species call the bay home, winter anglers typically focus their efforts on a celebrated quartet. The “Big Four” of Green Bay ice fishing are the prized Walleye, the abundant Yellow Perch, the toothy Northern Pike, and the increasingly popular Whitefish. Occasionally, anglers might also encounter Brown Trout, particularly near warmer water discharges or river mouths early or late in the season. Each species presents its own unique challenge and reward, drawing anglers with different preferences and skill levels to the frozen expanse.

👉Related Post: Lake of the Woods Ice Fishing: A Complete Guide for Enthusiasts

The Quarry: Targeting Green Bay’s Prized Fish

The heart of the Green Bay ice fishing experience lies in pursuing its diverse and abundant game fish. Each species requires a slightly different approach, understanding their winter habits, preferred locations, and the techniques that trigger a bite.

Walleye (“Green Bay Gold”)

• Importance: Walleye are arguably the crown jewel for many undertaking a Green Bay ice fishing trip. The bay holds a reputation as one of Wisconsin’s premier walleye fisheries, renowned for producing not just numbers, but true trophy-class fish. The chance to hook into a genuine giant draws anglers from across the region and beyond.
• Behavior & Location: Finding winter walleye on Green Bay means understanding structure and seasonal movements. They often relate to rocky reefs, underwater points, humps, and sharp shoreline breaks. Mud flats adjacent to structure can also hold fish, particularly later in the winter. River mouths, like those of the Fox, Peshtigo, and Oconto, become magnets early and late in the ice season as fish stage for or recover from spawning runs. Depths can vary, but prime zones often lie between 10 and 40 feet. A fascinating aspect of the bay is the difference between its shores. The shallower, stained waters and extensive flats of the west shore tend to warm faster, attracting pre-spawn walleyes earlier in the spring transition period (late ice/early open water). Conversely, the clearer, deeper water and steeper rock structures of the east shore often hold fish later as they stage or recover. This geographical difference means anglers need to adjust their location strategy based on the specific timing within the late-ice window.
• Techniques & Gear: Jigging is the dominant technique for Green Bay ice fishing for walleye. This active approach allows anglers to cover water and trigger reaction strikes. Effective Walleye fishing lures include vertical jigging spoons (like Northland Buck-Shot Rattle Spoons ), balanced jigging baits (like Rapala Jigging Raps or Northland Puppet Minnows ), blade baits , lipless crankbaits , and hair jigs. Tipping these lures with a minnow head or using soft plastics can enhance attraction. Tip-ups rigged with live bait, typically shiners or larger minnows, remain a classic and effective method, especially during low-light periods. High-quality electronics, particularly flashers like Vexilars, are considered almost essential for locating structure, marking fish, and observing how they react to lure presentations. A medium-action ice rod provides the right balance of sensitivity and power for handling these strong fish.

Yellow Perch (“Jumbos of the Bay”)

• Popularity: The Yellow Perch is a beloved target for Green Bay ice fishing, prized for its abundance and excellent table fare. Recent years have seen impressive harvest numbers, indicating a healthy and thriving population in the bay. Catching a bucketful of “jumbos” is a common goal for many ice anglers here.
• Behavior & Location: Perch location on Green Bay is often tied to food availability and the time of year. Early and late in the ice season, they frequently congregate near the last remaining green weed edges, often in relatively shallow water (5-15 feet). As winter progresses and weeds die back, large schools often move out to deeper mud flats (20-40 feet or more) to feed on aquatic insects and invertebrates emerging from the soft bottom. Transition zones where hard bottom meets soft bottom, as well as underwater reefs, can also hold significant numbers of perch. They are known to school tightly, often segregated by size , and can be found anywhere from hugging the bottom to suspended higher in the water column. This variability highlights why understanding their seasonal movements based on forage is crucial; searching shallow weeds when they’re focused on deep-water insects won’t be productive.
• Techniques & Gear: Jigging with small presentations is the key to successful Perch fishing on Green Bay. Small, heavy tungsten jigs are popular because they get down quickly and show up well on electronics. Other effective lures include classic teardrop jigs , small spoons (flutter spoons, single-hook spoons, or lead spoons with treble hooks ), and dropper rigs, which feature a heavier spoon or weight below a smaller hook or jig. Live bait is often essential for triggering bites; waxworms, spikes (maggots), small minnows, or minnow heads are standard offerings. Where legal, using a perch eye as bait is a highly effective, traditional tactic. Due to their often light bites, sensitive ultra-light or light-action rods paired with light line are recommended. Electronics are invaluable for locating perch schools and gauging their activity level, helping anglers determine the right jigging cadence and presentation.

Northern Pike (“Gators of the Shallows”)

• Opportunity: Northern Pike offer a readily accessible and exciting target during Green Bay ice fishing adventures. A major advantage is that the pike season remains open year-round on the bay, providing opportunities even when other seasons are closed. Green Bay holds the potential for trophy-sized pike as well.
• Behavior & Location: Unlike walleye or whitefish that often venture offshore, Northern Pike typically favor shallower, nearshore environments. Look for them in depths ranging from 4 to 12 feet, often associated with shallow bays, the edges of weed beds (even dormant ones), and the mouths of tributary streams entering the bay. Their preference for these shallower zones makes them a more accessible target, especially during early or late ice periods when venturing far onto the main bay ice might be hazardous. This accessibility contributes significantly to their popularity for Green Bay ice fishing.
• Techniques & Gear: The time-honored method for catching pike through the ice is using tip-ups. These devices suspend large live baits, such as suckers or large shiner minnows, at a set depth, signaling a bite with a flag. Spreading multiple tip-ups across a promising area is a common strategy. While less common, jigging large, flashy spoons or aggressive lures can also entice strikes from active pike. Given their sharp teeth, using a wire or heavy fluorocarbon leader is essential to prevent bite-offs. Rods should have sufficient backbone; medium-heavy or heavy action ice rods are appropriate for handling potentially large fish.

Whitefish (“Silver Ghosts of the Bay”)

• Growing Popularity: Over the past decade or so, Green Bay ice fishing for Lake Whitefish has exploded in popularity. Once considered an incidental catch, they are now a primary target for many anglers and guide services, valued for their hard fight on light tackle and their quality as table fare.
• Behavior & Location: Whitefish are dynamic and somewhat enigmatic. They are known to feed opportunistically on a variety of items, including benthic invertebrates (like bloodworms and insect larvae), gobies, and small baitfish. This varied diet means their location can change significantly. They might be found scouring deep basins, cruising mid-lake reefs and structure, relating to hard/soft bottom transition zones, or even moving onto shallower flats or near drop-offs adjacent to deep water. Depths commonly range from 25-40 feet, but they can be found much deeper or surprisingly shallow depending on forage availability. They often roam in small schools and can suspend anywhere in the water column, making electronics crucial for locating them. The key to consistently finding whitefish lies in figuring out the predominant forage in a specific area at a given time. If they are keyed in on insects emerging from mud, deep basins are the place to start. If gobies or minnows are the main course, structure edges or transitions near deep water might be more productive.
• Techniques & Gear: Jigging is the universal method for targeting whitefish through the ice. A highly effective setup is the slider rig or dropper rig. This typically involves a heavier weight or jig (like a 3/8 to 3/4 oz B-Fish-N H20 jig) on the bottom to maintain contact and provide attraction, with one or two small hooks (size #6 often recommended) tied on short leaders or directly to the main line 12-24 inches above the weight. These upper hooks are baited, often with red spikes (maggots) or small plastics like a red Wedgee. The jigging motion involves pounding the bottom weight to stir up sediment and attract fish, while the baited hooks flutter enticingly above. Other productive lures include small tungsten jigs tipped with bait, small jigging spoons, or Rapala Jigging Raps (sizes 3 or 5). Light to medium-light action rods offer the necessary sensitivity to detect subtle bites. Electronics are vital for marking fish, which often appear as faint lines near the bottom or suspended marks higher up, and for watching how they react to jigging motions.

The Crappie Ice Question:

• Assessment & Clarification: While the query specifically mentioned Crappie ice fishing, it’s important to clarify its relevance to Green Bay ice fishing. Based on the focus of local guide services and the primary species highlighted by the Wisconsin DNR for the region , crappies are not a major target species on the Bay of Green Bay itself during the ice season. While crappies certainly exist within the larger Green Bay ecosystem, dedicated Crappie ice fishing efforts are far more common and productive on the numerous inland lakes surrounding the Green Bay area. Anglers specifically seeking a Crappie ice fishing experience in northeastern Wisconsin would typically focus their attention on these smaller, inland waters rather than the main bay.

Gearing Up: Essential Equipment and Techniques for Green Bay Ice Fishing

Embarking on a Green Bay ice fishing adventure requires more than just enthusiasm; it demands the right Fishing gear and an understanding of specific techniques suited to this vast and sometimes challenging environment. The scale of the bay often necessitates considerations beyond those for typical inland lake excursions.

• Making the Hole – The Auger: The first essential tool is an auger to penetrate the potentially thick Green Bay ice. Options range from manual hand augers, which are lightweight but labor-intensive, to powerful gas augers, and increasingly popular battery-powered electric augers that offer a good balance of power and convenience. The diameter of the auger (typically 8-10 inches) should be sufficient for the target species – larger holes for pike and trophy walleye, while smaller holes might suffice for perch and whitefish.
• Finding Shelter: Given Green Bay’s exposure to wind and cold, a shelter is practically a necessity for comfortable and extended fishing. Portable pop-up shelters are common, offering quick setup and mobility. For more comfort, especially on guided trips or multi-day outings, larger, heated permanent-style shanties or skid houses are used. Many guide services provide heated shelters as part of their packages.
• Seeing Below – Electronics: On a body of water as large and varied as Green Bay, electronics are not a luxury; they are fundamental tools for success. Flashers (like the commonly mentioned Vexilar ) are indispensable for real-time jigging, allowing anglers to see their lure, detect fish approaching, and observe their reaction to different jigging cadences. A GPS unit is crucial for safe navigation across the potentially featureless expanse of ice, relocating productive spots, and avoiding known hazards. Underwater cameras can also be valuable tools for identifying bottom content, confirming fish species, and fine-tuning presentations. The ability to “see” underwater transforms Green Bay ice fishing from guesswork to a more strategic pursuit.
• The Right Tools – Rods, Reels & Line: Selecting the appropriate rod and reel combination is vital. As discussed previously, rod action should match the target species: ultra-light or light action for the subtle bites of Yellow Perch and Whitefish, medium action for Walleye, and medium-heavy to heavy action for battling large Northern Pike. Reels should be reliable in cold temperatures. Line choice is also critical. Many anglers prefer braided line for its low stretch (enhancing sensitivity) and strength, paired with a fluorocarbon leader for near-invisibility underwater. Fluorocarbon or monofilament specifically designed for ice fishing (resisting stiffness in the cold) are other options.
• Lures & Bait: A well-stocked tackle box is key for adapting to changing conditions and fish moods. Essential lure categories for Green Bay ice fishing include:
  • Jigs: Tungsten jigs (various sizes/colors), teardrop jigs, hair jigs.
  • Spoons: Jigging spoons (e.g., Buck-Shot, Slender Spoon), flutter spoons, blade baits.
  • Balanced Jigs: Rapala Jigging Raps, Northland Puppet Minnows.
  • Specific Walleye fishing lures and Perch fishing lures should be prioritized based on target species.
  • Bait: Live minnows (shiners, fatheads), waxworms, spikes (maggots), and soft plastics are all crucial components of the Fishing gear arsenal.
• Passive Pursuit – Tip-Ups: Essential for covering water and presenting live bait, especially effective for Northern Pike and sometimes Walleye. Rigging them correctly with appropriate leaders and hook sizes is important.
• Getting Around – Transportation: The sheer size of Green Bay often necessitates motorized transport to reach prime fishing areas far from shore. ATVs, UTVs (often equipped with tracks and heated cabs by guide services), snowmobiles, and even airboats (especially during uncertain ice conditions) are commonly used. Anglers venturing out independently must ensure their chosen transport is appropriate for the conditions and weight limits of the ice. Guide services typically provide safe transportation.
• The Non-Negotiables – Safety Gear: This isn’t optional Fishing gear; it’s mandatory for survival on Green Bay ice. Every angler must carry:
  • Ice Picks/Claws: Worn and readily accessible for self-rescue.
  • Rope: A throw rope for rescuing others.
  • Flotation: A PFD (Personal Flotation Device) or a dedicated float coat/suit.
  • Communication: Cell phone in a waterproof bag.
  • Ice Chisel/Spud Bar: For checking ice thickness ahead while walking.
  • Cleats: For traction on slippery ice.
• Staying Warm – Clothing: A layering system is crucial. Start with moisture-wicking base layers, add insulating mid-layers (fleece or wool), and top with a waterproof and windproof outer shell (jacket and bibs/snow pants). Warm, insulated, waterproof boots, multiple pairs of gloves or mittens, and a warm hat covering the ears are essential.
• Other Essentials: Don’t forget an ice scoop or skimmer to keep holes clear , a sled to haul gear , buckets for carrying fish or gear, pliers for hook removal, bait pucks or containers, a portable heater for inside shelters , and comfortable seating.

The logistical demands of Green Bay ice fishing—requiring robust transport, shelter, navigation aids, and a comprehensive safety kit—set it apart from fishing smaller, more accessible inland lakes. Preparation and the right Fishing gear are paramount for both success and safety.

Finding the Hotspots: Prime Green Bay Ice Fishing Locations

Green Bay is immense, a sprawling fishery where fish locations can shift based on weather, ice conditions, forage movements, and time of season. While pinpointing exact “secret spots” is impossible (and often fleeting), understanding the major zones and the types of structure fish relate to provides a solid foundation for planning a Green Bay ice fishing trip. Mobility and local knowledge, often gained through guides or up-to-date reports, are invaluable assets.

Key Zones and Access Points:

• Southern Bay / Fox River Influence: The southern reaches of Green Bay, heavily influenced by the Fox River, offer distinct opportunities. Areas near the De Pere Dam (upstream is inland water, downstream is considered Lake Michigan ), the shallows near Duck Creek, the expansive Long Tail Point, and access points near Suamico are popular starting points. This zone is often productive for Northern Pike seeking shallow weeds and baitfish and Walleye, particularly during early and late ice periods as they stage near the river. Public access can be found at places like Voyager Park in De Pere. However, anglers must exercise extreme caution near the river mouth due to currents potentially creating unstable ice and be aware of the fish refuge closure below the De Pere dam from March 1st to May 31st.
• West Shore Tributaries (Oconto, Peshtigo, Menominee): The western shoreline features several significant tributaries, including the Oconto, Peshtigo, and Menominee Rivers. Access points near these river mouths and associated harbors (Peshtigo Harbor, Oconto area) and beaches (Geano Beach) are hubs for Green Bay ice fishing activity. This shore is particularly known for Walleye runs, especially in spring , and holds good populations of Northern Pike. Access is available via landings like Geanos Resort and Lipskyes. Similar to the Fox River area, caution is paramount near river mouths due to variable currents and ice conditions. The Menominee River, forming the border with Michigan, also offers pike and walleye opportunities.
• East Shore Structure (Door County): The Door County peninsula forms the eastern boundary of Green Bay and offers a dramatically different underwater landscape. This area is characterized by more defined structure, including numerous rocky reefs, points, islands, and steeper drop-offs. Popular and productive areas cluster around Sturgeon Bay (including the bay itself and smaller adjacent bays like Sawyer Harbor, Sand Bay, Riley’s Bay, and Little Sturgeon Bay ) and extend north through communities like Egg Harbor, Fish Creek, Ephraim, and Sister Bay. This eastern shore is a prime destination for Whitefish , Walleye (especially mid-winter relating to offshore structure ), Yellow Perch , and Northern Pike. Numerous resorts and public landings provide access, such as Sand Bay Resort, Red River Park, and Sugar Creek Park.

Targeting Structure:

Success in Green Bay ice fishing often boils down to finding the right structure for your target species at the right time. This reinforces the insights gained when discussing individual species:

• Walleye: Focus on reefs, points, humps, river channels/mouths, and hard-bottom transitions, adapting location (west shore flats vs. east shore reefs) based on season timing.
• Perch: Target weed edges early/late season, or transition to deeper mud flats or basin areas during mid-winter, following the dominant forage.
• Pike: Concentrate efforts in shallow bays, nearshore weed beds, and tributary mouths.
• Whitefish: Search deep basins, mid-lake reefs, hard/soft bottom transitions, or structure adjacent to deep water, depending on local forage.

Using quality lake maps (like LakeMaster ) and sonar/GPS electronics is essential for identifying these potentially productive areas across the vast bay. Remember, fish move, so what was hot yesterday might be cold today – be prepared to drill holes and search.

Safety on the Ice: Navigating Green Bay’s Unique Challenges

While the rewards of Green Bay ice fishing can be immense, the risks are equally significant and demand the utmost respect. Green Bay is not a typical inland lake; its sheer size, connection to Lake Michigan, strong currents, and susceptibility to wind create ice conditions that are inherently more complex and unpredictable. The mantra “No ice is 100% safe” holds particularly true here. Complacency can have dire consequences.

General Ice Safety Rules (The Foundation):

Before delving into Green Bay specifics, mastering basic ice safety is paramount:

• Check Ice Thickness: Never assume ice is safe based on appearance alone. Use a spud bar or auger to check thickness frequently as you venture out. A minimum of 4 inches of clear, solid ice is generally recommended for walking. Remember that clear ice is stronger than cloudy, white, or snow-covered ice.
• Buddy System & Communication: Never fish alone. Always go with a partner or group, and inform someone on shore of your plans – where you’re going and when you expect to return. Carry a fully charged cell phone in a waterproof bag or case.
• Essential Safety Gear: Non-negotiable items include wearable ice picks or claws for self-rescue, a throw rope, a PFD or float suit worn on the outside, and ice cleats for traction.
• Know Your Area: Avoid traveling on unfamiliar ice, especially at night or during poor visibility.
• Local Intel: Conditions change rapidly. Always check with local bait shops, fishing clubs, or guide services for the latest ice reports before heading out. The Wisconsin DNR does not monitor local ice conditions.

Green Bay Specific Hazards – Understanding the Risks:

Beyond general precautions, Green Bay ice fishing presents unique dangers:

• Pressure Cracks and Ice Heaves: These are perhaps the most notorious hazards on Green Bay. Caused by the expansion and contraction of the massive ice sheet due to temperature fluctuations and wind stress, these cracks and ridges can form, shift, or widen rapidly, sometimes within hours. They can run for miles and vary greatly in severity, potentially hiding open water or submerged ice chunks beneath snow cover. Crossing them requires extreme caution, thorough inspection on foot, and sometimes specialized equipment like planks. The DNR specifically warns about the prevalence and danger of pressure ridges on Green Bay.
• Currents: Strong currents are a major factor, particularly near the mouths of the large rivers flowing into the bay (Fox, Oconto, Peshtigo, Menominee) and in any narrows or constricted areas. Current significantly weakens ice from beneath, often creating dangerously thin areas even when surrounding ice seems thick. Avoid these areas whenever possible.
• Wind and Ice Floes: The bay’s large, open expanse makes it highly susceptible to wind. Strong winds can generate waves beneath the ice sheet, especially when combined with the open water of the shipping channel. This force can cause existing cracks to widen dramatically, leading to large sections of ice breaking off and becoming free-floating icebergs. This is an extremely dangerous situation, potentially stranding anglers far from shore on moving ice. Always check the weather forecast, paying close attention to wind speed and direction, before and during your trip.
• Shipping Channel: The maintained navigation channel creates a permanent area of open water or unstable refrozen ice along its edges throughout the winter. Stay well clear of the channel.
• Vehicle Travel: Driving trucks or cars on Green Bay ice is extremely risky and generally discouraged unless ice thickness is verified to be well beyond minimums (often cited as 12-15+ inches for vehicles ). UTVs, while common, are also very heavy (approaching 3,000 lbs ) and require significant ice thickness (often cited as 5+ inches, but more is always better ). If operating a vehicle: keep windows down, doors unlocked, drive slowly, wear PFDs, and maintain distance from other vehicles. Remember the tragic incidents involving vehicles breaking through the ice.

The dynamic nature of Green Bay’s ice, influenced by its size, currents, wind, and human activity (shipping channel), means safety requires more than just measuring thickness. It demands constant vigilance, awareness of changing conditions, and a healthy respect for the power of this Great Lakes environment.

Green Bay Ice Safety Checklist

Hiring Expertise: Green Bay Ice Fishing Guides and Outfitters

Given the unique challenges and vastness of Green Bay ice fishing, hiring a professional guide or outfitter is often a prudent and highly rewarding decision, especially for those unfamiliar with the bay or seeking specific trophy fish. The value proposition extends far beyond simply catching fish.

Guides provide crucial local knowledge regarding current ice conditions and safe travel routes, expertly navigating potential hazards like pressure cracks and thin ice areas that could easily trap the unwary. Their experience allows them to understand the complex seasonal movements and daily patterns of target species like Walleye, Yellow Perch, Northern Pike, and Whitefish, significantly increasing the odds of locating active fish. Furthermore, reputable guide services come fully equipped with the specialized Fishing gear necessary for a comfortable and successful day on the ice. This typically includes safe transportation (often enclosed and heated UTVs, snowmobiles, or even airboats), high-quality heated shelters, essential electronics like flashers and GPS, rods, reels, tackle, and bait. For anglers traveling from afar or those new to the sport, this eliminates the significant investment and logistical hurdles of acquiring and transporting bulky ice fishing equipment. Guides are also excellent instructors, teaching effective techniques for jigging, using electronics, and fighting fish specific to Green Bay conditions. The sheer number of guide services focusing on providing safe transport and comfortable, heated shelters underscores the inherent difficulties of accessing prime fishing spots and enduring the elements on this large, exposed body of water, making guided trips an attractive option even for seasoned anglers new to the bay.

When selecting a guide for your Green Bay ice fishing trip, look for established operations with positive reviews and ensure they are properly licensed by the state of Wisconsin and carry appropriate insurance. Several well-regarded guide services operate on the bay, including (but not limited to):

• Late-Eyes Sport Fishing
• Ice Fish Green Bay / Alexander Sport Fishing
• Gauthier’s Fishing Guide Service
• Trophy Ice Fish
• Allen’s Guide Service

These outfitters typically offer a range of packages to suit different needs and budgets. Fully guided trips usually involve a guide accompanying the group throughout the day, providing continuous instruction and assistance. Semi-guided trips often include transportation, shelter setup on a productive spot, initial instruction, and periodic check-ins from the guide. Basic ice shack rentals provide a heated shelter on a known fishing location with pre-drilled holes and transportation, but anglers typically bring their own gear and bait. Optional services like fish cleaning and packaging or even hot shore lunches served on the ice are often available. Trip durations commonly range from half-day (4-6 hours) to full-day (sunrise to sunset) excursions. Booking in advance, especially during peak season, is highly recommended.

The Rules of the Bay: Wisconsin Fishing Regulations

Adhering to fishing regulations is a crucial part of responsible angling and ensures the sustainability of the incredible Green Bay ice fishing resource for future generations. Ignorance of the rules is not an excuse, and regulations can sometimes be complex, especially on boundary waters like Lake Michigan and its tributaries.

License Requirements: First and foremost, all anglers aged 16 and over need a valid Wisconsin fishing license to fish on Green Bay. Different license options are available for residents and non-residents, including annual and short-term licenses. While the primary targets for Green Bay ice fishing (Walleye, Perch, Pike, Whitefish) do not typically require a specific stamp, anglers should be aware that a Great Lakes Trout and Salmon stamp is needed if they intend to target or possess those species. Importantly, when fishing on Lake Michigan or Green Bay (considered outlying waters), anglers are required to carry a paper copy of their license and applicable stamps. Digital copies may not suffice on these specific waters. Loaning or borrowing licenses is illegal.

Green Bay / Lake Michigan Regulations Summary: Green Bay is considered part of Lake Michigan for regulatory purposes. Regulations can vary slightly between the main lake and its tributaries, and specific rules can change annually. Always consult the current, official Wisconsin DNR fishing regulations pamphlet or website before fishing. However, based on recent regulations (primarily referencing the 2024-2025 cycle where available, otherwise general rules), here is a summary for the primary Green Bay ice fishing targets:

(Disclaimer: Regulations are subject to change. This table is a summary based on available information and should not replace checking the current official WI DNR regulations.)

Ice Fishing Specific Rules:

• Lines: Anglers are permitted to use up to three lines, baits, or lures simultaneously while ice fishing.
• Attending Lines: Lines must be attended. You cannot leave your lines set and walk away beyond a reasonable distance (defined as 100 yards for open water, implying close proximity on ice). Failure to respond immediately when a tip-up flag goes up or a rod indicates a bite is considered evidence of an unattended line.
• Shelter Removal: Ice fishing shelters (shanties) must be removed from Green Bay and Lake Michigan daily and when not in use after the first Sunday following March 12th. This deadline helps prevent shelters from falling through deteriorating ice and becoming hazards or pollutants. Failure to remove shanties by the deadline can result in penalties.

Bait Regulations: Be aware of regulations concerning the use and transport of bait minnows, designed primarily to prevent the spread of aquatic invasive species and diseases like Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (VHS). General rules include:

• Never move live fish away from a waterbody.
• Dispose of unwanted bait in the trash, not in the water.
• Purchase minnows from a licensed Wisconsin bait dealer.
• Leftover minnows can be used again on the same waterbody, or on another waterbody ONLY IF no lake/river water or other fish were added to their container. Specific rules may apply, so check current regulations. Note that crayfish are prohibited as bait on Michigan-Wisconsin boundary waters like the Menominee River.

Finding Official Regulations: The most reliable sources for current, detailed regulations are:

• The official Guide to Wisconsin Hook and Line Fishing Regulations (available online as PDF and in print).
• The Wisconsin DNR Website (dnr.wisconsin.gov), particularly the fishing regulations section.
• The Online Searchable Regulations Tool.
• The DNR Call Center or local fisheries biologists.

By the Numbers: Green Bay Ice Fishing Statistics & Trends (2020-2024)

Understanding the trends within the Green Bay fishery can provide valuable context for anglers heading out onto the ice. While specific Green Bay ice fishing harvest data is often limited, the Wisconsin DNR conducts extensive open-water creel surveys on Lake Michigan and Green Bay (typically March/May through December) which offer the best available insights into overall fish populations, angler effort, and harvest rates for key species targeted by ice anglers.

Angler Effort: Green Bay and Lake Michigan attract significant fishing pressure year-round. In 2020 (May-Dec only due to survey limitations), anglers spent an estimated 1.96 million hours fishing these waters. By 2023, this estimate was nearly 2.5 million hours, close to the ten-year average, highlighting the sustained popularity of this fishery. Boat angling dominates the effort, but shore, pier, and stream fishing also contribute significantly.

Harvest Statistics & Trends (Key Ice Fishing Species):

• Walleye: Walleye consistently represent a major portion of the total harvest. In 2020, an estimated 90,142 walleye were harvested from Lake Michigan/Green Bay, with a harvest rate of 0.0459 fish per hour. By 2023, the estimated harvest climbed significantly to 132,393 fish, with a corresponding harvest rate of 0.0533 fish per hour. These numbers underscore Green Bay’s reputation as a premier walleye destination. The majority of the open-water harvest typically occurs in summer months (July/August) , but the healthy population supports the popular Green Bay ice fishing effort as well.
• Yellow Perch: Yellow Perch harvest numbers, particularly from Green Bay proper, show significant fluctuation but remain substantial. The 2020 Green Bay harvest was exceptionally high at 253,278 fish, noted as 56% above the ten-year average and the highest since 2013. The harvest rate that year was a strong 0.1300 fish per hour. In 2023, the Green Bay perch harvest decreased to 97,641 fish, but this was still considered above the ten-year average. The 2023 harvest rate was 0.0402 fish per hour. This contrasts sharply with the Lake Michigan basin proper, where perch harvest remains low, continuing a long-term decline. These figures confirm Green Bay as the regional hotspot for Perch fishing. While Green Bay boasts these impressive Yellow perch numbers, anglers seeking truly giant, world-record-class perch often look to different destinations entirely, such as Lake Cascade Idaho, highlighting how different premier ice fisheries cater to different angler goals (numbers vs. exceptional size).
• Northern Pike: Compared to walleye and perch, the reported harvest of Northern Pike is considerably lower. In 2020, the estimated harvest was 1,587 fish, with a very low harvest rate of 0.0008 fish per hour. While pike offer a reliable year-round target , the creel data suggests they are harvested in much smaller numbers than the other primary targets during the open water season, likely reflecting lower overall angler effort directed specifically at pike compared to walleye or perch.
• Whitefish: Notably absent from these specific sport harvest summary reports is dedicated data for Lake Whitefish harvest. While “White Perch” are listed with low harvest numbers , the popular Lake Whitefish targeted heavily during Green Bay ice fishing are not typically broken out in these general summaries. This lack of specific sport harvest data is interesting given the widely acknowledged boom in the winter whitefish fishery’s popularity and the growth of guide services specializing in targeting them. It suggests that the dedicated winter fishery might not be fully captured by the standard open-water creel survey methodology, or that harvest levels, while popular, may not reach the scale of perch or walleye. Further research or specific management reports might offer more insight.

Economic Significance & Other Trends: The Green Bay ice fishing fishery carries significant economic weight. The growth in guide businesses catering specifically to winter whitefish anglers is one indicator. While specific economic impact studies for Green Bay ice fishing were not found in the provided materials, the general value of Wisconsin’s fisheries is substantial, and Green Bay is a major component. Events like fishing tournaments, even if focused on other species or seasons, demonstrate the potential economic boost to local communities (restaurants, lodging, gas stations). Grant funding for habitat projects also reflects the recognized value of the fishery. Looking ahead, climate change impacts, particularly milder winters leading to less reliable ice cover, pose a potential threat to the tradition and economic benefits associated with Green Bay ice fishing. Ongoing research and monitoring efforts by the DNR, such as walleye tagging studies and smallmouth bass assessments , aim to ensure the long-term health and sustainability of this vital resource.

1. Green Bay Ice Fishing FAQs

Navigating the world of Green Bay ice fishing often brings up common questions, especially for those new to the bay or the sport. Here are answers to some frequently asked questions:

1. How thick does the ice need to be for safe Green Bay ice fishing? There is no such thing as 100% safe ice, especially on a large, dynamic body of water like Green Bay. However, general guidelines suggest a minimum of 4 inches of clear, solid ice for activities on foot like walking and fishing. For snowmobiles or ATVs, 5 inches is often cited as a minimum, while cars or trucks require significantly more (8-15+ inches). Remember, ice thickness can vary drastically across the bay due to currents, pressure cracks, wind, and other factors. Always check thickness frequently with a spud bar or auger as you move, and consult local bait shops or guides for current conditions before heading out. Never rely solely on visual appearance.
2. What is the best bait for Green Bay ice fishing? The “best” bait depends entirely on your target species.
   • Walleye: Live minnows (shiners, suckers) are effective on tip-ups or jigs. Tipping jigging spoons or balanced baits (like Jigging Raps) with a minnow head can also trigger bites.
   • Yellow Perch: Small live baits are key. Waxworms, spikes (maggots), and small minnows or minnow heads are standard choices for tipping small jigs and spoons. Perch eyes (where legal) are a classic and effective bait.
   • Northern Pike: Large live baitfish, such as suckers or large shiners, are the preferred offering on tip-ups.
   • Whitefish: Small baits are generally best. Red spikes (maggots) or small plastics (like red Wedgies) are commonly used on dropper hooks above a weighted jig or spoon. Waxworms can also work.
3. Where are the best spots for Green Bay ice fishing? Hotspots change frequently based on conditions and fish movement. However, key areas and structure types consistently produce:
   • Southern Bay/Fox River Mouth: Good for Pike and early/late Walleye.
   • West Shore (Oconto/Peshtigo): Known for Walleye and Pike, especially near river mouths.
   • East Shore (Door County): Excellent all-around fishing for Whitefish, Walleye, Perch, and Pike, with abundant structure like reefs and points. Popular areas include Sturgeon Bay, Little Sturgeon Bay, Egg Harbor, and Fish Creek.
   • Structure Types: Focus on reefs, weed edges, mud flats, drop-offs, points, and river channels depending on your target species and the time of winter (See Sections III and V for details). Using electronics and lake maps is crucial for finding these spots. Hiring a guide provides invaluable local knowledge.

Is it safe to drive a vehicle (truck/car/UTV) on the ice on Green Bay?

Extreme caution is advised. Driving heavier vehicles like trucks or cars requires exceptionally thick and stable ice (often recommended 12-15 inches or more), which may not form consistently across the bay. UTVs, while common, are still heavy (nearly 3,000 lbs) and require substantial ice (5+ inches minimum, much more recommended). Many tragic accidents involve vehicles breaking through the ice. If you choose to drive a vehicle: verify ice thickness extensively, keep windows down and doors unlocked for quick escape, drive slowly, maintain distance from other vehicles, and ensure all occupants wear PFDs/float suits. Walking or using lighter transport like snowmobiles or ATVs (on appropriate ice) is generally safer. When in doubt, don’t drive out.   What are the basic fishing regulations for Walleye and Perch on Green Bay? (Remember to always check the current official WI DNR regulations before fishing)

• Walleye: The season is generally continuous on Green Bay itself, but check tributary closures (like the Fox River refuge March 1-May 31). The daily bag limit is typically 3 from Green Bay waters, with a 15-inch minimum size limit.
• Yellow Perch: The season on Green Bay and its tributaries runs from May 20th to March 15th. The daily bag limit is 15 fish, and there is no minimum size limit.
• A valid Wisconsin fishing license is required. You must carry a paper copy of your license on Green Bay.

Conclusion: The Enduring Allure of the Frozen Bay

The vast, frozen expanse of Green Bay in winter offers an ice fishing experience unlike any other in the Midwest. It’s a place of stark beauty, challenging conditions, and incredible angling opportunities. From the pursuit of trophy “Green Bay Gold” Walleye patrolling deep reefs to the fast action of schooling Yellow Perch on the mud flats, or the ambush tactics required for shallow-water Northern Pike and the finesse needed for the popular Whitefish, the bay tests and rewards anglers in equal measure. Success hinges on preparation – understanding the fishery’s unique dynamics, utilizing the right Fishing gear and techniques, and diligently scouting locations.

However, the potential rewards must always be balanced with a profound respect for the bay’s power. Safety is not merely a suggestion; it’s a prerequisite for any Green Bay ice fishing trip. Understanding and preparing for the specific hazards – the unpredictable pressure cracks, the ice-thinning currents, the potential for wind-driven floes – is paramount. Carrying the essential safety gear and adhering to cautious practices are non-negotiable. Equally important is respecting the resource by following Wisconsin’s fishing regulations, ensuring the health and vitality of this world-class fishery for generations to come.

Whether you’re drilling your first hole as the sun rises over the frozen landscape, feeling the satisfying thump of a walleye hitting your jigging spoon, or sharing stories and warmth inside a shanty with friends, Green Bay ice fishing creates lasting impressions. The ice will eventually yield to spring, the shanties will come ashore, and the open water will return. But the memories forged on its surface – the challenge, the camaraderie, the connection to the wild heart of winter – endure, calling anglers back to the frozen frontier year after year.